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Cancer |
Carcinoma; Malignancy; Neoplasm; Oncology; Tumor |
In medicine, malignant is a clinical term that is used to describe a clinical course that progresses rapidly to death. It is typically applied to neoplasms that show aggressive behavior characterised by local invasion or distant metastasis. The change of cells from benign to malignant behavior is called malignant transformation. Usually this diagnosis is made by pathologic examination of tissues. However, often the physician during the history and physical examination can find that there hav ...
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From the EAST traditional·alternative |
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Cancer Articles
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Cancer Articles
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Cancer Articles
- Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer: Questions and Answers
... Researchers have been studying breast cancer for many years to learn how best to treat this disease. They have given special attention to ways to prevent breast cancer from recurring (returning) after... - Adrenocortical Carcinoma Treatment
... Treatment will probably be surgery to remove the cancer. Treatment will probably be surgery to remove the cancer. Clinical trials are testing new treatments. Treatment may be one of the following: Sur... - Adult Brain Tumor Treatment
... The extent or spread of cancer is usually described as stages. There is no standard staging system for brain tumors. Primary brain tumors may spread within the central nervous system (brain and spinal... - Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treatment
... Recurrent adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The lymphoma may come back in the lymph system or in other parts of the body. Indolent lym... - Advance Directives
... More than ever before, people with cancer and their families are being asked to take part in decisions about end-of-life care. Yet, most people still do not discuss end-of-life care at all, even if th... - AIDS-Related Lymphoma Treatment
... Treatment may be one of the following: Standard-dose or low-dose systemic chemotherapy plus intrathecal chemotherapy. A clinical trial of systemic chemotherapy plus colony-stimulating factors and anti... - Annual Report to the Nation Finds Cancer Incidence and Death Rates on the Decline: Survival Rates Show Significant Improvement
... The nation's leading cancer organizations report that Americans' risk of getting and dying from cancer continues to decline and survival rates for many cancers continue to improve. The "A... - Artificial Sweeteners
... Key Points Artificial sweeteners are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). There is no evidence that the regulated artificial sweeteners on the market in the United States are rela... - Asbestos Exposure: Questions and Answers
... Key Points “Asbestos” is the name given to a group of minerals that occur naturally as bundles of fibers (see Question 1). Exposure to asbestos may increase the risk of asbestosis, lung cancer, mesoth... - Bladder Cancer Treatment
... Recurrent bladder cancer is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the bladder or in other parts of the body. Treatment of recurrent bladder cancer... - Breast Cancer Treatment
... In inflammatory breast cancer, the breast looks red and swollen and feels warm. The redness and warmth occur because the cancer cells block the lymph vessels in the skin. The skin of the breast may al... - Cancell/Entelev: Questions and Answers
... Cancell/Entelev: Questions and Answers Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)—also referred to as integrative medicine—includes a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies. ... - Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Q & A
... Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Treatment: Questions and Answers Key Points Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, ... - Cancer Information Sources
... Key Points The National Cancer Institute’s Web site, at http://www.cancer.gov, provides access to information about cancer (see the National Cancer Institute section). Books and articles about c... - Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin
... Key Points Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) origin is the diagnosis when metastatic cancer is found but the place where the cancer began (the primary site) cannot be determined. About 2 to 4 percent of... - Cancer Studies at the NIH Clinical Center: Q and A
... Key Points Everyone seen at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center is either being screened for or participating in a clinical trial (research study) (see Question 2). International p... - Cancer: Questions and Answers
... Key Points Although cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, the survival rate for many types of cancer has improved in recent years (see paragraph 1). Cancer occurs when cell... - Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Treatment
... If the cancer is in the neck area (cervical lymph nodes), treatment may be one of the following: Surgery to remove the tonsils (tonsillectomy). Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy followed by surgery... - Cervical Cancer Treatment
... Recurrent cervical cancer is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the cervix or in other parts of the body. Treatment of recurrent cervical cance... - Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor Treatment
... Once a germ cell tumor is found (diagnosed), tests will be done to find out if the germ cell tumor is benign or malignant. If the tumor is malignant, more tests will be done to find out if the cancer ... - Colorectal Cancer Screening
... Screening is looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. This can help find cancer at an early stage. When abnormal tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat. By the time sym... - Cowden syndrome
... Cowden syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by multiple tumor-like growths (called hamartomas) and an increased risk of certain cancers. Almost everyone with this condition has hamartomas. ... - Depression
... This patient summary on depression is adapted from a summary written for health professionals by cancer experts. This and other credible information about cancer treatment, screening, prevention, supp... - Depression and Cancer
... Symptoms of Depression Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activitie... - Early Prostate Cancer: Questions and Answers
... Key Points The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system (see Question 1). The most common risk factor for prostate cancer is age (see Question 3). Prostate cancer often does not cause sympt... - El cáncer: preguntas y respuestas
... PUNTOS CLAVE Aunque el cáncer es la segunda causa principal de muerte en Estados Unidos, la tasa de supervivencia para muchos tipos de cáncer ha mejorado en años recientes (vea la página 1). El cáncer... - Endometrial Cancer Treatment
... Recurrent endometrial cancer is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the pelvis, in lymph nodes in the abdomen, or in other parts of the body. Tr... - Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor Treatment
... The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above. Edito... - Financial Assistance for Cancer Care
... Cancer imposes heavy economic burdens on both patients and their families. For many people, a portion of medical expenses is paid by their health insurance plan. For individuals who do not have health... - Fluoridated Water
... Virtually all water contains fluoride. In the 1940s, scientists discovered that the higher the level of natural fluoride in the community water supply, the fewer the dental caries (cavities) among the... - Follow-up Care: Questions and Answers
... It is natural for anyone who has completed cancer treatment to be concerned about what the future holds. Many people are concerned about the way they look and feel, and about whether the cancer will r... - Formaldehyde and Cancer: Questions and Answers
... Key Points Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable, strong-smelling gas that is used to manufacture building materials and produce many household products (see Question 1). Formaldehyde sources in the ... - Gallbladder Cancer Treatment
... Recurrent gallbladder cancer is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the gallbladder or in other parts of the body. The PDQ cancer information su... - Gene Therapy for Cancer: Questions and Answers
... Key Points Gene therapy is an experimental treatment that involves introducing genetic material into a person’s cells to fight disease (see Question 2). Researchers are studying gene therapy for... - Guide to NCI Information Resources for Patients and the Public
... Key Points The National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) http://www.cancer.gov Web site provides access to cancer information, clinical trial results, and prepared literature searches on specific cancer topic... - Home Care for Cancer Patients
... Key Points A doctor, nurse, or social worker can provide information about patients’ specific needs, the availability of home care services, and a list of local home care agencies. Services provided b... - How To Find a Doctor or Treatment Facility If You Have Cancer
... Key Points Resources are available to help you find a doctor who specializes in cancer care (see section on Finding a Doctor). Once you receive your doctor’s opinion about the diagnosis and trea... - Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment: Questions and Answers
... Key Points Hyperthermia is a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures (up to 113°F) to damage and kill cancer cells (see Question 1). Hyperthermia is almost al... - Information on Medicare Coverage of Cancer Clinical Trials
... Medicare1 now offers beneficiaries more choices in their cancer care by reimbursing patient care costs in clinical trials. While beneficiaries have Medicare coverage for standard cancer care, they now... - Interpreting Laboratory Test Results
... A laboratory test is a medical procedure in which a sample of blood, urine, or other tissues or substances in the body is checked for certain features. Such tests are often used as part of a routine c... - Kaposi's Sarcoma Treatment
... Treatment may be one of the following: Radiation therapy. Local excision. Systemic or intralesional chemotherapy. Chemotherapy plus radiation therapy. Depending on the patient's condition, the can... - Laetrile/Amygdalin: Questions and Answers
... Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)—also referred to as integrative medicine—includes a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies. A therapy is generally called complemen... - Lasers in Cancer Treatment: Questions and Answers
... Key Points Laser light is a light of such high intensity and narrow beam that it can be used to do precise surgery to remove cancer or precancerous growths or to relieve symptoms of cancer. It is used... - Li-Fraumeni syndrome
... Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a rare inherited disorder that greatly increases a person's risk of developing several types of cancer. People with this condition have a very high risk of developing cance... - Los estudios clínicos de prevención del cáncer
... ¿Qué son los estudios clínicos y por qué son importantes? Los estudios clínicos son estudios de investigación que se realizan con seres humanos. Los estudios de prevención analizan las formas de reduc... - Lung Cancer
... Cancer is a disease in which certain body cells don't function right, divide very fast, and produce too much tissue that forms a tumor. The lungs, a pair of sponge-like, cone-shaped organs, are pa... - Mamografías selectivas de detección: preguntas y respuestas
... ¿Qué es una mamografía selectiva de detección? Una mamografía selectiva de detección es una radiografía del seno que se utiliza para detectar cambios en el seno en mujeres que no presentan signos o sí... - Metastatic Cancer: Questions and Answers
... Key Points Cancer occurs when cells become abnormal and grow without control (see Question 1). The place where the cancer started is called the primary cancer or the primary tumor (see Question 2). Me... - Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary Syndrome Treatment
... Treatment may be one of the following: Phototherapy (PUVA therapy) with or without biological therapy. Total skin electron beam radiation therapy (TSEB radiation therapy). Topical chemotherapy.Local e... - Nausea and Vomiting
... This patient summary on nausea and vomiting is adapted from the summary written for health professionals by cancer experts. This brief summary describes the causes and treatment of nausea and vomiting... - NCI’s Clinical Trials Cooperative Group Program
... Key Points The Clinical Trials Cooperative Group Program is designed to promote and support clinical trials (research studies) of new cancer treatments, explore methods of cancer prevention and early ... - Newly Identified Tumor Suppressor Cooperates With p53 to Protect Mice Against Tumors
... Researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, have identified a gene that plays an important role in preventing tumors in mice. In a study published in... - Nutrition in Cancer Care
... Cancer and cancer treatments may cause nutrition-related side effects. The diet is an important part of cancer treatment. Eating the right kinds of foods before, during, and after treatment can help t... - Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk
... Key Points There is evidence of an increased risk of breast cancer for women under age 35 who are recent users of OCs (see section on Breast Cancer). Studies have consistently shown that using OCs red... - Ordering National Cancer Institute Publications: Questions and Answers
... What is the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) policy on the distribution of publications and other materials? The NCI’s publications are free. There is a charge to help cover the cost of s... - Organizations That Offer Services to People With Cancer
... People with cancer and their families sometimes need assistance coping with the emotional as well as the practical aspects of their disease. This fact sheet includes some of the national organizations... - Ovarian Epithelial Cancer Treatment
... Recurrent ovarian epithelial cancer is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. Treatment of recurrent ovarian epithelial cancer may include the following: Chemotherapy with or ... - Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor Treatment
... Recurrent ovarian germ cell tumor is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the other ovary or in other parts of the body. Treatment depends on whe... - Paget's Disease of the Breast: Questions and Answers
... What is Paget's disease of the breast? Paget's disease of the breast is an uncommon type of cancer that occurs in 1 to 4 percent of all people with breast cancer. It is sometimes called mammar... - Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
... Recurrent pancreatic cancer is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the pancreas or in other parts of the body. Treatment of recurrent pancreatic... - Paraneoplastic Syndromes Information Page
... Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of rare degenerative disorders that are triggered by a person's immune system response to a neoplasm, or cancerous tumor. Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes a... - Penile Cancer Treatment
... If the cancer is limited to the foreskin, treatment will probably be wide local excision and circumcision. If the cancer begins in the glans and does not involve other tissues, treatment may involve: ... - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
... Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an inherited disorder that greatly increases a person's risk of developing certain types of cancer. People with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome often have small, dark-colored spot... - Pituitary Tumor Treatment
... Treatment may be one of the following: Surgery to remove the tumor (transsphenoidal hypophysectomy or craniotomy Radiation therapy. Clinical trials may be testing new types of radiation therapy.Surger... - Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
... This patient summary on posttraumatic stress disorder is adapted from the summary written for health professionals by cancer experts. This and other credible information about cancer treatment, screen... - Preguntas Frecuentes acerca de los Problemas Médicos de las Mujeres
Estadounidenses de Origen Hispano
... Hay cerca de 14 millones de mujeres de origen hispano en los Estados Unidos. Entre ellas hay mujeres de culturas, antecedentes y experiencias diversas - mexicano-americanas, centroamericanas y sudamer... - Pruritus
... This patient summary on pruritus is adapted from a summary written for health professionals by cancer experts. This and other credible information about cancer treatment, screening, prevention, suppor... - Psychological Stress and Cancer
... The complex relationship between physical and psychological health is not well understood. Scientists know that many types of stress activate the body's endocrine (hormone) system, which in turn c... - Radiation Therapy for Cancer: Questions and Answers
... Key Points Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors (see Question 1). About half of all people with cancer are treated with radiation therapy, either alone or i... - Radon and Cancer: Questions and Answers
... Key Points Radon is a radioactive gas released from the normal decay of uranium in rocks and soil (see Question 1). Radioactive particles from radon can damage cells that line the lungs and lead to lu... - Scientists Establish Database of Genes Associated With Cancer Drug Resistance
... Scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), a part of the National Institutes of Health, have created a database of information about a group of genes associated with multidrug resistance in ca... - Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment
... Recurrent small cell lung cancer is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the chest, central nervous system, or in other parts of the body. Treatm... - Smoking and Continued Risk in Cancer Patients
... This patient summary on smoking cessation and continued risk in cancer patients is adapted from a summary written for health professionals by cancer experts. This and other credible information about ... - Staging: Questions and Answers, Fact Sheet 5.32
... Key Points Staging describes the extent or severity of an individual’s cancer. Knowing the stage of the disease helps the doctor plan a person’s treatment and estimate prognosis (see Question 1). Stag... - Synovial Sarcoma
... Key Points Synovial sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that occurs most often around the joints in the legs and arms. Pain and tenderness are the most common symptoms, usually accompanied by a swelling ... - The CIS: Questions and Answers
... Key Points The Cancer Information Service (CIS) is a program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the Nation’s lead agency for cancer research (see Question 1). The CIS assists the public in severa... - The NCI Cancer Centers Program
... The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Centers Program comprises more than 50 NCI-designated cancer centers engaged in multidisciplinary research to reduce cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortali... - The Pap Test: Questions and Answers
... What is a Pap test? The Pap test (sometimes called a Pap smear) is a way to examine cells collected from the cervix (the lower, narrow end of the uterus). The main purpose of the Pap test is to find a... - Transitional Care Planning
... This patient summary on transitional care planning is adapted from a summary written for health professionals by cancer experts. This and other credible information about cancer treatment, screening, ... - Tumor Grade: Questions and Answers
... Key Points Tumor grade is a system used to classify cancer cells in terms of how abnormal they look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread (see Question 2). A pathol... - Tumor markers
... Tumor markers are substances that can often be detected in higher-than-normal amounts in the blood, urine, or body tissues of some patients with certain types of cancer. Tumor markers are produced eit... - Understanding Prognosis and Cancer Statistics
... Key Points A prognosis gives an idea of the likely course and outcome of a disease. Many factors affect a person’s prognosis, including the type, location, and stage of the disease, as well as the per... - Unusual Cancers of Childhood Treatment
... The tumors discussed in this summary are many and different, and the discussion is arranged in descending order from tumors of the head and neck to tumors of the urinary system and skin. All of these ... - Uterine Sarcoma Treatment
... Treatment may be one of the following: Surgery to remove the uterus, fallopian tubes and the ovaries, and some of the lymph nodes in the pelvis and abdomen (total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral sal... - Vaginal Cancer Treatment
... Treatment may be one of the following: Surgery to remove all or part of the vagina (vaginectomy). This may be followed by skin grafting to repair damage done to the vagina. Internal radiation therapy....
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