The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the brain's activity and organization in the development of speech disorders. It will compare brain activity in people with normal speech development with those who stutter or who have a phonological disorder (a deficit in how the brain processes speech sounds).

Stuttering and phonological disorders emerge during the critical period of speech development between 2.5 and 12 years of age. During this period, the brain is much more adaptable for speech development than it is after puberty. This study will examine how the brain organization for speech production and perception develops normally during the critical period and how the normal pattern is altered when stuttering and phonological disorders become chronic problems, persisting throughout life.

Volunteer adults and children with and without speech disorders may participate in this study. Eligibility screening will include a brief neurological and physical examination and tests to determine normal speech or a speech disorder. The speech testing will be videotaped. The subject will speak aloud, describe pictures, recall words or numbers, imitate speech sounds and words, and perform some listening tests.

Study participants will undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study brain activity. For this procedure, the subject lies on a stretcher that is moved into a donut-shaped machine with a strong magnetic field. During the MRI scan, the subject will perform simple tasks, such as listening to speech or other sounds and saying nonsense words. The procedure should take less than 60 minutes, and usually takes from 20 to 40 minutes.

Condition
Developmental Articulation Disorder Stuttering

Further Study Details: 

Expected Total Enrollment:  165

This is a study of two developmental speech production disorders, which emerge during the critical period of speech development between 2.5 and 12 years of age. During this critical period there is considerably greater brain plasticity for speech functioning which disappears following puberty. Our purpose is to determine how normal brain organization for speech production and perception develops during the critical period and how this normal pattern is altered when stuttering and phonological disorders become chronic problems, persisting throughout the life span. Functional MRI is a non-invasive methodology suitable for research in these disorders in children. New methodologies using fMRI provide the first opportunity for the study of speech production both in normally developing children as well as children and adults with stuttering and/or phonological disorders. Our hypothesis is that, with development, the brain organization for speech production becomes less distributed involving fewer brain regions, and that phonological processing mechanisms become lateralized to the left hemisphere during the critical period of speech development. This research will address whether the brain regions involved in speech are more diffuse and less selective in persons who develop chronic stuttering and phonological disorders, leading to a less efficient dynamic system for speech production.

Genders Eligible for Study:  Both

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Criteria

INCLUSION CRITERIA:
To address the 9 hypotheses formulated for this research, several subject groups will be studied. The functional activation patterns of normal right-handed adults will be compared with normally developing right-handed children and adolescents (ages 6-17) during tasks involving speech segmentation (into phonemes) and speech formulation. All will be native speakers of American English without foreign language use in the home. Corresponding subject groups will be adults and children with stuttering or phonological processing disorders who are right-handed native speakers of American English. Our aim will be to determine how brain function for speech perception and production change during completion of the critical period for speech development and how these systems differ in children with disorders of speech control and phonology who continue to have problems during this period.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
A subject will be excluded if he/she has a contraindication to MR scanning such as the following: aneurysm clip; implanted neural stimulator; implanted cardiac pacemaker or autodefibrillator; cochlear implant; ocular implant or foreign body (e.g. metal shavings or splinters); insulin pump; shrapnel; bullet or shot wound; artificial heart valve; tattooed makeup; prostheses of ferromagnetic material; surgical metal clips in the brain, eye or on blood vessels; implanted drug infusion device. The LSS otolaryngologist, Keith Saxon, M.D., will screen participants with the NMR Center Safety Screening Questionnaire, which also includeds additional items such as intraventricular shunts, transdermal medication patches, wire sutures, bone/joint pins, screws, nails, plates, and body piercings. Dr. Saxon will approve or disapprove participation in the study based on his judgement of the MR compatibility of these item, using published guides including Shellock and Kanal (1994) and Shellock (2001). Other exclusion criteria are pregnancy (as determined by pregnancy testing at NIH's Clinical Center on the day of scanning); speech reception thresholds greater than 25 dB; left-handedness on the Edinburgh handedness questionnaire; non-native American English speech; developmental exposure to a language other than English in the home; language and/or cognitive functioning lower than 1 standard deviation below the age-adjusted mean value on screening tests.

Maryland
      National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), 9000 Rockville Pike,  Bethesda,  Maryland,  20892,  United States; Recruiting

Study ID Numbers:  000095; 00-N-0095
Record last reviewed:  January 29, 2004
Last Updated:  March 17, 2005
Record first received:  March 18, 2000
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:  NCT00004991
Health Authority: United States: Federal Government
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on 2005-04-08