Telemedicine uses communications technologies to provide health care when distance separates participants. Applied to general medical care practice, telemedicine is associated with improved continuity of care, cost-effectiveness, and improved service quality. To date, all evaluations of telepsychiatry have concentrated on video technology. The telephone is a more readily available and less expensive communication technology that has not been evaluated as a method of health services delivery in the medication management of stable psychiatric outpatients.

The objectives of this study are to answer the following questions: 1) Does substituting brief, scheduled, clinician-initiated telephone calls (telephone care) for routine psychiatric medication management visits reduce overall healthcare utilization? and, 2) Is substituting brief, scheduled, clinician-initiated telephone calls (telephone care) for routine psychiatric medication management visits as effective as routine care? We will enroll 346 psychiatrically stable subjects who carry a diagnosis of major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or non-PTSD anxiety disorder. We are using a balanced randomization strategy to assign subjects to routine care or telephone care for a two-year period within each provider panel. Patients randomized to receive routine care will be scheduled to see their psychiatric medication provider at the recommended interval. Patients randomized to receive telephone care are scheduled to see their provider at twice the recommended clinic visit interval, and two ten-minute telephone contacts are scheduled at a specific time at standard 0.67 and 1.3 times the multiple of the recommended interval.

At two years, we will use ten data sources to compare two primary outcomes (total Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health services utilization and mental health component scores from the SF-12-V) as well as VHA costs, imputed non-VHA costs, patient and provider satisfaction, medication compliance, and diagnosis specific outcomes.

Genders Eligible for Study:  Both

Criteria

Patients will be eligible for this study if they:

• Carry a diagnosis of major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or non-PTSD anxiety disorders
• Are psychiatrically stable subjects with a Global Assessment of Functioning scale score of >50
• Do not have psychiatric hospitalizations in the previous six months
• Do not have active substance abuse disorders