RATIONALE: Biological therapies such as BCG use different ways to stimulate the immune system and stop cancer cells from growing. It is not yet known which type of BCG is more effective for bladder cancer. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of two different types of BCG in treating patients who have bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVES: I. Compare two strains of BCG (Connaught vs Tice) in terms of efficacy (yearly relapse rate) and tolerability in patients with Ta or T1 papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder or carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. II. Assess the role of prior exposition to mycobacteria (vaccination/Tbc) for BCG treatment efficacy in these patients. III. Define the role of fever occurrence as a potential indicator for BCG reactivity in these patients. IV. Evaluate the p53 status of the resected tumors and IL-8 secretion into the urine as predictive factors of BCG reactivity in these patients. V. Evaluate disease free interval and disease free survival, time to progression, and overall survival in these patients. VI. Evaluate quality of life in these patients.

PROTOCOL OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to center, T stage (Ta vs T1 vs CIS), and BCG immunization status (positive, i.e., greater than 10 mm diameter vs negative-indeterminate, i.e., less than 10 mm diameter). All patients undergo complete transurethral resection (TURB) to remove bladder tumors. A Mantoux test is performed. Patients with stage T1 disease undergo a second resection within 2-4 weeks after initial TURB. Patients are randomized to receive either BCG Onko-Tice (arm I) or BCG Connaught (arm II). Both arms receive BCG by catheter beginning 2-14 days after the last TURB. Patients must hold the BCG in the bladder for 2 hours. BCG is instilled once a week for 6 weeks. Quality of life is assessed before randomization, daily during first and last weeks of treatment, every 6 months for the first 2 years, and then annually thereafter. Patients are followed every 6 months for the first 3 years, and then annually thereafter.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A minimum of 300 patients will be accrued for this study within 6 years.

Ages Eligible for Study:  18 Years   -   90 Years

Criteria

PROTOCOL ENTRY CRITERIA:

--Disease Characteristics--

• Histologically confirmed completely resected T1 or Ta papillary tumors of the urinary bladder
• TaG2 greater than 2 relapses in 2 years; TaG3 unifocal or multifocal; Unifocal primary T1G2-3 after a histological tumor-free second resection If multiple/multifocal, worst stage and grade AND/OR Histologically and cytologically confirmed primary or secondary carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder
• No persistent T1 disease in second resection
• No contracted bladder (bladder capacity less than 80 mL) or bladder irritation within past 5 years
• No urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract or the urethra

--Prior/Concurrent Therapy--

• Biologic therapy: No prior BCG therapy
• Chemotherapy: At least 3 months since prior chemotherapy
• Endocrine therapy: Not specified
• Radiotherapy: At least 5 years since prior radiotherapy to the bladder
• Surgery: See Disease Characteristics
• Other: No prior tuberculostatic therapy; No concurrent local antiseptics or antibiotics

--Patient Characteristics--

• Age: 18 to 90
• Performance status: WHO 0-1
• Life expectancy: Not specified
• Hematopoietic: Not specified
• Hepatic: Liver function no greater than 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Renal: Renal function no greater than 1.5 times ULN
• Other: Not pregnant or nursing; Fertile patients must use effective contraception; No other concurrent malignancies except basocellular carcinoma; No congenital or acquired immunosuppression (e.g., HIV, leukemia, lymphoma, transplant recipient); No uncontrollable or untreated urinary tract infection; No chronic recurring bacterial cystitis