RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. It is not yet known whether irofulven is effective in treating pancreatic cancer. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of irofulven with that of fluorouracil in treating patients who have locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer that has not responded to previous treatment with gemcitabine.

OBJECTIVES: I. Compare survival of patients with gemcitabine-refractory, advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma when treated with irofulven vs fluorouracil. II. Compare the objective tumor response rate in patients treated with these regimens. III. Compare the clinical benefit of these regimens as measured by improvement in pain and performance status in these patients.

PROTOCOL OUTLINE: This is a randomized, open-label, multicenter study. Patients are randomized 2:1 to irofulven and fluorouracil treatment arms. Arm I: Patients receive irofulven IV over 30 minutes on days 1 and 15. Arm II: Patients receive fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 350 patients (233 for arm I and 117 for arm II) will be accrued for this study.

Ages Eligible for Study:  18 Years and above

Criteria

PROTOCOL ENTRY CRITERIA:

--Disease Characteristics--

• Histologically or cytologically confirmed ductal carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas; Locally advanced or metastatic
• Failed 1, but no more than 1, prior gemcitabine-containing chemotherapy regimen (either as a single agent or in combination with another agent) (See criteria for prior radiation using gemcitabine or fluorouracil at diminished doses in Prior/Concurrent Therapy section)
• No neuroendocrine or islet cell tumors or lymphoma of the pancreas

--Prior/Concurrent Therapy--

• Biologic therapy: No prior biologic therapy; No concurrent biologic therapy
• Chemotherapy: See Disease Characteristics; At least 21 days since prior chemotherapy and recovered; No prior systemic treatment with fluorouracil, fluorouracil-uracil, raltitrexed, or capecitabine in combination with gemcitabine; Prior fluorouracil or gemcitabine allowed as radiosensitizing agents when given 2 weeks before, during, or 2 weeks after radiotherapy; No prior cumulative mitomycin dose greater than 25 mg/m2
• Endocrine therapy: Not specified
• Radiotherapy: At least 21 days since prior radiotherapy and recovered
• Surgery: No prior surgery; No concurrent surgery
• Other: At least 21 days since prior participation in other investigational study

--Patient Characteristics--

• Age: 18 and over
• Performance status: Karnofsky 70-100%
• Life expectancy: Not specified
• Hematopoietic: WBC at least 3,000/mm3; Platelet count at least 100,000/mm3; Hemoglobin at least 9 g/dL; Absolute neutrophil count at least 1,500/mm3
• Hepatic: Bilirubin no greater than 2.0 mg/dL; AST or ALT no greater than 5.0 times upper limit of normal (ULN); Alkaline phosphatase no greater than 5.0 times ULN
• Renal: Creatinine no greater than 1.5 mg/dL
• Cardiovascular: No clinically significant active heart disease
• Other: Fertile patients must use effective contraception; No history of retinopathy or macular degeneration; No other malignancy within the past 5 years except basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix; No other significant medical and/or psychiatric condition that would preclude study