The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the oral iron chelator ICL670 on liver iron content after one year of treatment in patients with iron overload from repeated blood transfusions. Beta-thalassemia patients unable to be treated with deferoxamine or patients with rare chronic anemias such as Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Fanconi's Syndrome, Blackfan-Diamond Syndrome, and Pure Red Blood Cell Anemia are eligible for this study. Liver iron content will be measured by liver biopsy at the beginning of the study and after one year of treatment. However, those patients living in the San Francisco/Oakland area may have a SQUID in place of the liver biopsy if the biopsy is not medically possible for them. The SQUID is a non-invasive magnetic means to measure liver iron content.

Condition	Treatment or Intervention	Phase
beta-Thalassemia Myelodysplastic Syndromes Fanconi Syndrome Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan Anemia, Aplastic	Drug: ICL670	Phase II

Further Study Details: 

Expected Total Enrollment:  175

Patients who require repeated blood transfusions to live accumulate iron in the body as red blood cells contain iron and there is no natural body mechanism to eliminate it. After a while the iron levels get high enough to be toxic to the body. The current therapy of choice is deferoxamine, which does a good job of removing excess iron, but is difficult to administer. Deferoxamine requires subcutaneous (under the skin) infusions over 4 to 8 hours nightly 3 to 7 nights a week. Skin reactions at the injection site can occur. In addition, as with all drugs, side effects also can occur. Allergic reactions, kidney problems, and eye and hearing problems are all known to happen with deferoxamine. Beta-thalassemia patients who are not able to take deferoxamine because of side effects are eligible for this study. In addition, this study will also include patients with rare, transfusion dependent anemias such a Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Fanconi's Syndrome, Blackfan-Diamond Syndrome, and Pure Red Blood Cell Anemia. Patients with rare transfusion dependent anemias need not have had a side effect to deferoxamine to be eligible.

Ages Eligible for Study:  2 Years and above,  Genders Eligible for Study:  Both

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Beta-thalassemia patients with documented non-compliance to deferoxamine, defined as taking less than 50% of prescribed doses in year prior to study, and having a liver iron content at least 14 mg iron/gm dry weight liver tissue
• Beta-thalassemia patients unable to take deferoxamine because of documented side effects or contra-indication, or documented poor response despite proper compliance, with liver iron content at least 2 mg iron/gm dry weight liver tissue
• Patients with chronic anemias with a liver iron content at least 2 mg/gm dry weight liver tissue.
• Beta-thalassemia or other chronic anemia patients having previously taken deferiprone, provided that they stop the deferiprone at least 28 days before the study and have a liver iron content at least 2 mg/gm dry weight liver tissue.
• All patients: Regular transfusions indicated by a requirement of at least 8 blood transfusions per year.
• Life expectancy of at least one year.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Beta-thalassemia able to be treated with deferoxamine, Sickle Cell Disease or non-transfusional iron overload
• Elevated liver enzymes in the year preceding enrollment
• Active Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C
• HIV seropositivity
• Elevated serum creatinine or significant proteinuria
• History of nephrotic syndrome
• Uncontrolled systemic hypertension
• Fever and other signs/symptoms of infection within 10 days prior to start of the study.
• Presence of clinically relevant cataract or previous history of clinically relevant ocular toxicity related to iron chelation.
• Second or third degree AV block, clinically relevant Q-T interval prolongation, or patients requiring digoxin or other drugs that prolong the Q-T interval.
• Diseases (cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, etc.) that would prevent the patient from undergoing any of the treatment options.
• Psychiatric or additive disorders that would prevent the patient from giving informed consent.
• History of drug or alcohol abuse within the 12 months prior to the study.
• Pregnant or breast feeding patients.
• Patients treated with systemic investigational drugs within 4 weeks or topical investigational drugs within 7 days before the start of teh study.
• Any surgical or medical condition that might significantly alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of any drug, such as gastrointestinal disease or major surgery, renal disease, difficulty voiding or urinary obstruction, or impaired pancreatic function.
• Non-compliant or unreliable patients
• Patients unable to undergo any study procedures such as the hearing or eye tests, or the liver echocardiography.
• Patients that would need a dose of ICL670 less than 125 mg per day.

California
      Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland,  California,  94609,  United States
      Stanford Hospital, Stanford,  California,  94305-5208,  United States
Illinois
      Northwest Medical Specialists, Arlington Heights,  Illinois,  60004,  United States
Massachusetts
      Children's Hospital Boston, Boston,  Massachusetts,  02115,  United States
New York
      Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York,  New York,  10021,  United States
Pennsylvania
      Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  19104-4318,  United States

Study ID Numbers:  CICL670A0108
Record last reviewed:  July 2004
Last Updated:  October 25, 2004
Record first received:  June 3, 2003
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:  NCT00061763
Health Authority: United States: Food and Drug Administration
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on 2005-04-08