RATIONALE: Interferon alfa may interfere with the growth of cancer cells. Low doses of interferon alfa may be as effective as high doses. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of low-dose or high-dose interferon alfa in treating patients who have newly diagnosed chronic myelogenous leukemia.

OBJECTIVES: I. Compare the duration of chronic phase and survival following low- vs. high-dose interferon alfa maintenance therapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase. II. Compare the toxicity profiles, assessed by WHO criteria, and the percentage of patients requiring dose reduction or discontinuation with these two regimens. III. Compare hematologic and cytogenetic responses every 6 months in patients treated on these two regimens.

PROTOCOL OUTLINE: This is a randomized study. Patients receive daily hydroxyurea until their white blood cell count (WBC) is maintained at a normal level for 2-3 weeks. Patients are randomized to two groups: one group receives daily high-dose interferon alfa, and the other receives low-dose interferon alfa, 5 days per week. Both groups continue to receive hydroxyurea at reduced doses as needed to maintain a normal WBC. Treatment continues until disease progression occurs. Patients may receive cytarabine in addition to interferon in either treatment arm at the investigator's discretion. Cytarabine is given subcutaneously for 10 days every calendar month and continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients are followed every 6 months for survival.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 800 patients will be enrolled over 8 years on this multicenter study.

Criteria

PROTOCOL ENTRY CRITERIA:

--Disease Characteristics--

• Chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase; Molecular evidence of BCR/ABL rearrangement OR Presence of Philadelphia chromosome
• Eligibility for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation does not exclude

--Prior/Concurrent Therapy--

• No prior therapy; Prior therapeutic or back-up leukapheresis allowed; Hydroxyurea may be started up to 4 weeks prior to entry

--Patient Characteristics--

• Age: Adult
• Performance status: WHO 0-2
• Hematopoietic: Not specified
• Hepatic: Bilirubin less than twice normal; No severe hepatic problem
• Renal: Creatinine less than twice normal; No severe renal problem
• Cardiovascular: No severe cardiovascular problem
• Other: No contraindication to interferon therapy; No history of severe depression; No pregnant women; Effective contraception required of fertile women