This study will examine whether nitric oxide (NO) gas can reduce the time it takes for pain to go away in patients who are in sickle cell crisis. NO is important in regulating blood vessel dilation, and consequently, blood flow. The gas is continuously produced by cells that line the blood vessels. It is also transported from the lungs by hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Patients 10 years of age or older with sickle cell disease (known SS, S-beta-thalassemia or other blood problems causing sickle cell disease) may be eligible for this study. Patients whose disease is due to hemoglobin (Hgb) SC are excluded. Candidates are screened with blood tests and a Computed Tomography (CT) scan to look at the lungs and heart when they are not in a pain crisis. For the CT scan, the patient lies on a table that moves slowly through the cylindrical scanner, which uses x-rays and radiation detectors to produce images of body tissues and organs.

Participants are admitted to the NIH Clinical Center when they are in a pain crisis. They are evaluated and then randomly assigned to receive one of two treatments: 1) standard treatment plus NO, or 2) standard treatment plus placebo. The placebo used in this study is nitrogen, a gas that makes up most of the air we breathe and is not known to help in sickle cell disease.

For the first 8 hours of the study, patients receive placebo or NO through a facemask. The mask may be taken off for 5 minutes every hour and for not more than 20 minutes to eat a meal. After the first 8 hours, the gas is delivered through a nasal cannula (small plastic tubing that rests under the nose) that may be taken off only while showering or using the restroom. Patients are questioned about the severity of their pain when they start the study and then every few hours while they are in the hospital. Their vital signs (temperature, breathing rate, and blood pressure) and medicines are checked. Patients will breathe the gas for a maximum of 3 days, but will stay hospitalized until the patient feels well enough to go home. Patients are followed up about 1 month after starting the study by a return visit to the hospital or by a phone call.

Condition	Treatment or Intervention	Phase
Anemia, Sickle Cell	Drug: Nitric Oxide  Drug: INO Pulse/NO Delivery System	Phase II

Further Study Details: 

Expected Total Enrollment:  200

The object of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of nitric oxide for inhalation in the treatment of vaso-occlusive pain crisis (VOC) in patients with sickle cell disease. The study population will include patients with sickle cell disease (SS, S-beta-Thalassemia) presenting with vaso-occlusive pain crisis. Patients will be administered either placebo or inhaled nitric oxide to see if the experimental agent, inhaled nitric oxide, can reduce the time it takes for resolution of the vaso-occlusive crisis.

Genders Eligible for Study:  Both

Criteria

INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Each subject must meet all of the following inclusion criteria during the screening process in order to participate in the study:
Patient must have a diagnosis of SCD (known SS, S-Beta-thalassemia or other hemoglobinopathies causing sickle cell disease). Patients with disease due to Hgb SC are not permitted.
Must present to the ED/EC or other appropriate unit in VOC.
Greater than or equal to 10 years old
Written informed consent/assent has been obtained.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Subjects meeting any of the following criteria during baseline evaluation will be excluded from entry into the study:
Exposure to therapeutic nitric oxide within the past 12 hours
Patient has received sildenafil or other phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, therapeutic L-arginine, nitroprusside or nitroglycerine within the past 12 hours.
Patient has received previous ED/EC or other appropriate unit treatment for a vaso-occlusive crisis less than 48 hours or hospitalization less than 14 days ago
Patient has visited the ED/EC or other appropriate unit greater than 10 times in the past year having a vaso-occlusive crisis
Patients presenting with clinically diagnosed bacterial infection (e.g., osteomyelitis, pneumonia, sepsis or meningitis)
Patients who are currently enrolled in any other investigational drug study except for hydroxyurea studies.
Pregnant women (urine HCG + )/ nursing mothers
Patients who have received an exchange transfusion (not simple transfusion) in the last 30 days or are on a chronic simple or exchange transfusion program.
Suspected splenic sequestration
Acute chest syndrome or pneumonia: Abnormal new pulmonary infiltrate (alveolar infiltration and not atelectasis) and one or more pulmonary signs and/or symptoms (fever, rales, wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, retractions).
Previous participation in this study.

Maryland
      National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), 9000 Rockville Pike,  Bethesda,  Maryland,  20892,  United States; Recruiting

Study ID Numbers:  050019; 05-H-0019
Record last reviewed:  October 18, 2004
Last Updated:  January 28, 2005
Record first received:  October 28, 2004
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:  NCT00094887
Health Authority: United States: Federal Government
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on 2005-04-08